I. Introduction The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) involvement in the interpretation and implementation of Directives 2008/98/EC (Waste Framework Directive) and 2009/28/EC (Renewable Energy Directive) is critical for balancing environmental protection and renewable energy goals in the EU legal framework. These directives are critical in guiding Member States toward a circular economy … Continued
Abstract This essay explores the role of Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) in Portugal’s energy transition, emphasizing their potential to drive environmental sustainability and reduce energy costs. With rising global energy consumption and the push for carbon neutrality, RECs present an innovative model for decentralized, renewable energy production. The essay examines the principles underpinning RECs, including … Continued
The present case concerns the compatibility of Article 3(2) of Directive 2009/72, particularly the provision on public service obligations consisting of supplying electricity at a reduced rate to vulnerable consumers and Spanish national law 24/2013. The latter lays down a methodology for allocating the costs of a reduced rate tariff applied to vulnerable consumers to … Continued
Factual and Legal Background This preliminary reference concerns a dispute between the GSE, the Italian public company that manages inventive mechanisms for promoting renewable sources, and twenty-one energy company owners of renewable power plants, which had benefitted from the green certificate scheme until 2011. Following the transposition of Directive 2009/28/EC (thereon, the RED I) on … Continued
Introduction In 2000, the undertakings Vereniging voor Energie, Milieu en Water (hereinafter referred to as ‘VEMW’),Amsterdam Power Exchange Spotmarket BV and Eneco NV lodged an appeal, with the College van Beroep voor het bedrijsleven, the Administrative Court for Trade and Industry in the Netherlands or ‘the College’, against a controversial decision made by the Directeur … Continued
Chapter 6 of the edited book ‘Law in the EU’s Circular Energy System: Biofuel, Biowaste and Biogas‘, introduces Part II of the published work, inaugurating the theme of ‘The Use of Biofuel and Biogas in the Circular Energy System’. This chapter, written by Maciej M Sokołowski, is entitled ‘From gas to biogas from biowaste: heating, power … Continued
The 5th and final Chapter of Part I of the edited book ‘Law in the EU’s Circular Energy System: Biofuel, Biowaste and Biogas‘, is entitled ‘Forestry waste to biofuel and biogas: law and policy‘ and was produced by environmental law researcher, Elisa Cavallin. ‘Bioenergy is believed to have a role in meeting the international and … Continued
In Chapter 2 of the edited book ‘Law in the EU’s Circular Energy System: Biofuel, Biowaste and Biogas‘ we delve into Part I of this published piece. The topics from Chapter 2 to Chapter 5, are all included in the broader framework that Part I embodies: ‘From waste to Biofuels and Biogas‘. Geert van Calster … Continued
Edited by Professor Lucila de Almeida, NOVA Green Lab’s coordinator and Abreu Chair in ESG Impact, and Josephine van Zeben, Professor and Chair of the LAW group at Wageningen University, this book, though extensive critical analysis, identifies multiple areas of law and policy that require further investigation to guarantee the establishment of a sound policy framework, … Continued